{"id":38733,"date":"2025-05-28T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efk.admin.ch\/?post_type=audit&p=38733"},"modified":"2025-08-06T11:28:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T09:28:38","slug":"audit-de-la-chaussee-roulante","status":"publish","type":"audit","link":"https:\/\/www.efk.admin.ch\/fr\/audit\/audit-de-la-chaussee-roulante\/","title":{"rendered":"Audit de la \u00ab chauss\u00e9e roulante \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le transfert de la route au rail du transport lourd de marchandises est au coeur de la politique suisse des transports depuis qu\u2019un article sur la protection des Alpes est inscrit dans la Constitution. En 2023, 37 millions de tonnes de marchandises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transport\u00e9es \u00e0 travers la Suisse dans le cadre du trafic transalpin, dont 72 % par rail. Le transport combin\u00e9 a pr\u00e9domin\u00e9 dans ce contexte avec 20,4 millions de tonnes, soit 77 % du fret ferroviaire transalpin. La part de la \u00ab chauss\u00e9e roulante \u00bb (CR) au total du transport combin\u00e9 s\u2019est \u00e9lev\u00e9e \u00e0 7 %.

En tant que transport combin\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9, la CR permet de charger un camion complet sur un ch\u00e2ssis porteur \u00e0 plancher surbaiss\u00e9. Le chauffeur voyage \u00e0 bord d\u2019un wagon d\u2019accompagnement. Le transport combin\u00e9 non accompagn\u00e9 (TCNA), quant \u00e0 lui, ne transporte que des conteneurs ou des semi-remorques sans tracteur \u00e0 sellette sur des wagons de marchandises destin\u00e9s au transport combin\u00e9. L\u2019offre de CR portant sur la liaison entre Fribourg-en-Brisgau (D) et Novare (I) est exploit\u00e9e par l\u2019op\u00e9rateur RAlpin SA.

Dans son message du 30 septembre 2022, le Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral proposait d\u2019assurer la poursuite de l\u2019exploitation de la CR jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de 2026. Le Parlement a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de la maintenir deux ans de plus, adoptant un plafond de d\u00e9penses de 106 millions de francs au total pour que l\u2019exploitation de la CR soit poursuivie durant les ann\u00e9es 2024 \u00e0 2028. Ce montant inclut une participation financi\u00e8re de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration aux frais de liquidation de RAlpin SA, l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivant l\u2019abandon de la CR.

En 2017, le Contr\u00f4le f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des finances (CDF) avait \u00e9valu\u00e9 la contribution concr\u00e8te de la CR au transfert du trafic et pass\u00e9 en revue les facteurs ayant une influence sur son taux de couverture des co\u00fbts. Dans le pr\u00e9sent audit, le CDF a examin\u00e9 si les indemnit\u00e9s vers\u00e9es pour l\u2019exploitation de la CR sont utilis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re rentable et efficace, dans l\u2019optique d\u2019un transfert durable du transport de marchandises de la route vers le rail. RAlpin SA a adopt\u00e9 des mesures d\u2019exploitation afin de fournir ses prestations de mani\u00e8re rentable dans un contexte difficile. Il ressort de la pr\u00e9sente analyse qu\u2019en tant que solution transitoire dans le cadre du transport combin\u00e9, la CR soutient le transfert vers le rail. Mais \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le mat\u00e9riel roulant a atteint la fin de sa dur\u00e9e de vie \u00e9conomique, que le rapport co\u00fbts \/ efficacit\u00e9 des subventions est nettement moins bon que dans le cas du TCNA et que le terminal actuel de Novare sera ferm\u00e9 en 2028 au plus tard, il n\u2019est pas d\u00e9fendable pour des raisons financi\u00e8res et op\u00e9rationnelles d\u2019en poursuivre l\u2019exploitation au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2028.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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